Effect of the Powertrain Electrical Design on the Performance of Electric Vehicles.

Resumen

The present work carried out the model and simulation of an electric motorcycle based on batteries and UC banks as a "backup" energy storage. This simulation study covers four different configurations of a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The high-energy storage is a battery bank sized to cover the energy demand of a 100km highway driving cycle, and the high-power storage was sized based on the high-energy storage voltage.

High-energy and high-power storage systems are constituted of battery and ultracapacitor banks, respectively. Both technologies have shown the excellent maturity to be offered in high quantities, and at a low price, so they are preferred for zero-emission vehicles.

The energy management strategy (EMS) was designed to use as little as possible the battery bank to improve the vehicle’s autonomy. In contrast, the EMS uses the capacitor bank to support current peaks, which constitute a problem in real applications. The energy management strategy is neither adaptive nor optimal. However, it is easy to tune with the use of meaningful variables regarding the desired operating conditions of the energy storage system and the motor. The main contribution of this work is to provide quantitative evidence that with the use of two storage systems and an energy management strategy, it is possible to vary the dynamic performance of the vehicle and its economy or autonomy.